Heartburn — Causes, Symptoms and When to See a Doctor

Heartburn is a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid rising into the oesophagus.

What causes Heartburn?

Heartburn can have many different causes ranging from minor to serious. The most common causes include acid reflux GERD certain foods large meals lying down after eating obesity pregnancy.

Identifying the specific cause of Heartburn requires consideration of your other symptoms, medical history, medications, and a physical examination. This page provides general guidance but cannot replace a proper medical assessment.

Is Heartburn serious?

Whether Heartburn is serious depends entirely on the underlying cause. In most cases Heartburn is caused by minor self-limiting conditions that resolve on their own. However certain accompanying symptoms should prompt prompt medical evaluation.

Heartburn is more likely to be serious if it is severe, sudden, progressive, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Age also matters — the same symptom can carry different implications in a young healthy adult compared to an older person or someone with existing health conditions.

What does Heartburn mean?

Heartburn is your body signalling that something is happening that warrants attention. It could mean something as simple as muscle tension or dehydration, or it could indicate an underlying medical condition that needs treatment. The meaning of Heartburn depends on its pattern, severity, duration, and accompanying symptoms.

How long does Heartburn last?

Minutes to hours usually. The duration of Heartburn varies significantly depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms caused by minor self-limiting conditions like viral infections typically resolve within days to weeks. Symptoms caused by chronic conditions may be ongoing and require long-term management.

If Heartburn persists beyond what you would normally expect for a minor illness, it is worth seeking medical assessment to identify any underlying cause.

How to treat Heartburn

Antacids PPIs lifestyle changes avoiding trigger foods weight loss if applicable. The appropriate treatment for Heartburn depends entirely on the underlying cause, which is why medical assessment is important for persistent or unexplained symptoms.

Self-care measures can help manage many causes of Heartburn while awaiting medical assessment or for confirmed minor causes. However self-treatment should not replace medical evaluation for persistent, severe, or worsening symptoms.

Should I see a doctor about Heartburn?

You should see a doctor if Heartburn is severe, persistent for more than a few days without improvement, getting progressively worse, significantly affecting your daily life, or accompanied by any of the warning signs listed above.

For new unexplained symptoms particularly in adults over 50, medical assessment is generally recommended even if symptoms seem mild. Many conditions are much more easily treated when identified early.

• Keep a symptom diary noting when Heartburn occurs, how long it lasts, and what makes it better or worse — this information is invaluable for your doctor
• Note any other symptoms that occur alongside Heartburn even if they seem unrelated
• Make a list of all medications and supplements you take including over-the-counter products
• Think about recent changes — new medications, dietary changes, stress, travel, or exposure to illness
• Do not rely on internet searches alone for diagnosis — use this information to have a more informed conversation with your doctor
• If you are unsure whether your symptoms need urgent attention, call your local health advice line rather than waiting

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition. If you believe you have a medical emergency call your local emergency services immediately.